abstract：:Respiratory system involvement in cystic fibrosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Defects in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene throughout the sinopulmonary tract result in recurrent infections with a variety of organisms including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant Sta...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Goetz DM,Singh S

更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article describes important aspects of health-care quality, quality improvement (QI), patient safety (PS), and approaches to research on QI/PS efforts. Common terminology to facilitate an understanding of QI and PS research is reviewed. Models for understanding system and process performance are discussed. Introd...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Niedner MF

更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Worldwide, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, if broadly implemented, has the potential to significantly reduce global rates of morbidity and mortality associated with cervical and other HPV-related cancers. More than 100 countries around the world hav...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Wigle J,Fontenot HB,Zimet GD

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Food allergies have become a growing public health concern. At present the standard of care focuses on avoidance of trigger foods, education, and treatment of symptoms following accidental ingestions. This article provides a framework for primary care physicians and allergists for the diagnosis, management, and treatm...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Wright BL,Walkner M,Vickery BP,Gupta RS

更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The overweight and obesity epidemic among children and adolescents in the United States continues to worsen, with notable racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities. Risk factors for pediatric obesity include genetics; environmental and neighborhood factors; increased intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), fas...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Brown CL,Halvorson EE,Cohen GM,Lazorick S,Skelton JA

更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH) there is dysregulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Insulin secretion becomes inappropriate for the level of blood glucose leading to severe hypoglycemia. HH is associated with a high risk of brain injury because insulin inhibits lipolysis and ketogenesis thus pre...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Güemes M,Hussain K

更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fractures are common during childhood; however, they can also be the presenting symptom of primary or secondary causes of bone fragility. The challenge is to identify those children who warrant further investigation. In children who present with multiple fractures that are not commonly associated with mild to moderate...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Harrington J,Sochett E

更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tourette syndrome (TS) is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple motor tics and at least one vocal or phonic tic, and often one or more comorbid psychiatric disorders. Premonitory sensory urges before tic execution and desire for "just-right" perception are central features. The pathop...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Serajee FJ,Mahbubul Huq AH

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neonatal infections continue to cause morbidity and mortality in infants. Among approximately 400,000 infants followed nationally, the incidence rates of early-onset sepsis infection within 3 days of life are 0.98 cases per 1000 live births. Newborn infants are at increased risk for infections because they have relati...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Santos RP,Tristram D

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Retinoblastoma is the most common neoplasm of the eye in childhood, and represents 3% of all childhood malignancies. Retinoblastoma is a cancer of the very young; two-thirds are diagnosed before 2 years of age and 95% before 5 years. Retinoblastoma presents in 2 distinct clinical forms: (1) a bilateral or multifocal, ...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Rodriguez-Galindo C,Orbach DB,VanderVeen D

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Advancements in the care of children with cancer have, in part, been achieved through improvements in supportive care. Situations that require prompt care can occur at the time of presentation as well as during treatment. This article discusses the approach to children with fever and neutropenia, a complication encoun...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Henry M,Sung L

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Evaluation and treatment of acute musculoskeletal injuries can be rewarding for primary care providers. They are common presenting complaints, and with appropriate management, many patients make a full recovery in a short period of time. This article reviews basic principles of evaluation of acutely injured children, ...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Apel PJ,Howard A

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews some of the challenges and pitfalls in communicating with families when abuse is part of the differential diagnosis and offers some suggestions for improving communication with parents and children in these challenging clinical settings. ...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Stirling J

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Under increasing pressure to contain costs, hospitals are challenged to provide high-quality care to an increasingly complex group of children with life-threatening illness (LTI) that often worsen over time. Pediatric palliative care is an essential component of optimal hospital care delivery for these children and th...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Bogetz JF,Ullrich CK,Berry JG

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The lacrimal system comprises of a series of anatomical structures with specific physiologic properties. Tearing from a nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) is the most common lacrimal system abnormality encountered by pediatric ophthalmologists. Most NLDOs spontaneously improve with conservative management by 12 mont...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Örge FH,Boente CS

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vitiligo is a disease of pigment loss. Most investigators currently consider vitiligo to be a disorder that occurs as a result of autoimmune destruction of melanocytes, supported by identification of antimelanocyte antibodies in many patients, and the presence of comorbid autoimmune disease in patients with and family...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Silverberg NB

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ensuring the safety of young athletes is a priority among health care providers. Controversy remains as to the best method of preparticipation screening. The American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Heart Association currently recommend screening with history and physical examination, without routine electrocar...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Galas JM

更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bleeding disorders are broadly classified into primary and secondary hemostatic defects. Primary hemostatic disorders (disorders of platelets and von Willebrand factor) mainly result in mucocutaneous bleeding symptoms such as epistaxis, menorrhagia, petechiae, easy bruising, and bleeding after dental and surgical inte...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Kumar R,Carcao M

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Radiologic studies are a vital component in the workup and diagnosis of disease. An appropriate radiographic study will accurately rule in or rule out disease with the least possible harm. Special considerations are necessary for the imaging of children. Current trends in pediatric imaging support the increased use of...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Baker N,Woolridge D

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The management of chronic cough, a common complaint in children, is challenging for most health care professionals. Millions of dollars are spent every year on unnecessary testing and treatment. A rational approach based on a detailed interview and a thorough physical examination guides further intervention and manage...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Wagner JB,Pine HS

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adenotonsillectomy (AT) is one of the most common pediatric surgical procedures performed in the United States; more than 530,000 are performed annually in children younger than 15 years of age. AT was traditionally performed for recurrent tonsillitis and its sequelae but in recent times, sleep-disordered breathing/ob...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Ramos SD,Mukerji S,Pine HS

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Early recognition and treatment of pediatric shock, regardless of cause, decreases mortality and improves outcome. In addition to the conventional parameters (eg, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, urine output, and central venous pressure), biomarkers and noninvasive methods of measuring cardiac output are availabl...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Mtaweh H,Trakas EV,Su E,Carcillo JA,Aneja RK

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) occurs more often in early childhood than at almost any other age. Many microorganisms are associated with pneumonia, but individual pathogens are difficult to identify, which poses problems in antibiotic management. This article reviews the common as well as new, emerging pathogens,...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Iroh Tam PY

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews the necessary skills required for clinicians to make informed decisions about the use of medications in women who are breastfeeding. Even without specific data on certain medications, this review of kinetic principles, mechanisms of medication entry into breast milk, and important infant factors c...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Rowe H,Baker T,Hale TW

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article provides an overview of the composition of human milk, its variation, and its clinical relevance. The composition of human milk is the biological norm for infant nutrition. Human milk also contains many hundreds to thousands of distinct bioactive molecules that protect against infection and inflammation a...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Ballard O,Morrow AL

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding of the types and frequency of errors among children in the outpatient setting is paramount. The most commonly described errors involve medical treatment, communication failures, patient identification, laboratory, and diagnostic errors. Research suggests that adverse events and near misses are frequent o...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Neuspiel DR,Stubbs EH

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article describes developments in pain assessment in critically ill neonates and infants during the last 5 to 6 years. Pain assessment instruments show a redundancy of items and a lack of profound psychometric background. Although most research focuses primarily on acute pain, in clinical practice there is also t...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： van Dijk M,Tibboel D

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Functional bladder problems in children are often insidious and are frequently ignored by the child, by parents, and by many caregivers. Consideration of both the urinary and bowel outlets, and more recently, of the corticospinal tracts and brain reveal great complexity in this condition. In this article, the author a...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Bägli DJ

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The management of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is varied and remains controversial, which is likely because children with VUR have different risks for urinary tract infection or renal injury. Consequently, the treatment of VUR needs to be individualized based on the patient's characteristics. In this article, the autho...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Fonseca FF,Tanno FY,Nguyen HT

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Parents, teachers, health care providers, and other caring adults worry about the harmful influence of media messages and images on children and teens and wonder how to recognize and encourage positive and healthy use of media. For decades, experts have commented on the power of media. Media depictions can lead to neg...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Hogan MJ

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Musculoskeletal pain is one of the most common presenting symptoms at the pediatrician's office. Etiology ranges from benign conditions to serious ones requiring prompt attention. This article addresses entities that present as musculoskeletal pain but are not associated with arthritis. The most common nonarthritic co...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Weiser P

更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In children, laboratory evaluations can assist in the screening of patients for inflammatory disorders, confirm diagnoses, allow for monitoring of disease activity and response to therapy, and suggest prognoses and risk of morbidities associated with rheumatic diseases. This review provides an overview of the usefulne...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Mehta J

更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article summarizes the current literature on social skills training for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. The article describes several different methods of social skills training, along with a summary of research findings on effectiveness. Interventions described include social skills grou...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Bohlander AJ,Orlich F,Varley CK

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The last decade has seen an increase of interest in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). With the prevalence now approaching 1%, children with ASD are usually first evaluated by clinicians working in primary care, such as pediatricians and family practitioners. Although classic autism is easy to recognize, differentiating...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Nazeer A,Ghaziuddin M

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pediatric obesity is a major public health threat. Obese children and adolescents are at increased risk for many medical and surgical conditions. These conditions may affect their quality of life and life expectancy. The rapidly progressive nature of type 2 diabetes mellitus within the first 5 years of obesity diagnos...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Lenders CM,Gorman K,Lim-Miller A,Puklin S,Pratt J

更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fluid homeostasis requires adequate water intake, regulated by an intact thirst mechanism and appropriate free water excretion by the kidneys, mediated by appropriate secretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP, also known as antidiuretic hormone). AVP exerts its antidiuretic action by binding to the X chromosome-encoded V...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Ranadive SA,Rosenthal SM

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endocrine disorders are common in infants in the neonatal ICU. They often are associated with prematurity, low birth weight or very low birth weight, and small size for gestational age. They also frequently occur in infants who are critically ill or stressed. This article describes the most common conditions and curre...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Hyman SJ,Novoa Y,Holzman I

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Children with life-threatening illnesses and their families may face physical, emotional, psychosocial, and spiritual challenges throughout the children's course of illness. Pediatric palliative care is designed to meet such challenges. Given the psychosocial and emotional needs of children and their families it is cl...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Knapp C,Madden V,Button D,Brown R,Hastie B

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurodevelopmental disorders with identified genetic etiologies present a unique opportunity to study gene-brain-behavior connections in child psychiatry. Parsing complex human behavior into dissociable components is facilitated by examining a relatively homogenous genetic population. As children with developmental de...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Siegel MS,Smith WE

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Untreated sleep disturbances and sleep disorders pose significant adverse daytime consequences and place children at considerable risk for poor health outcomes. Sleep disturbances occur at a greater frequency in children with acute and chronic medical conditions compared with otherwise healthy peers. Sleep disturbance...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Lewandowski AS,Ward TM,Palermo TM

更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00